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Lab Values A-F from tests commonly used in Cushing's Testing.

Adapted from http://www.medowbraun.com/WWAWP/WWAWP.EXE/CONNECT/emper4

A B C E F

G to L           M to Z       

~A~

Test Name Normal Values Notes Higher can mean: Lower can mean:
Adrenocorticotropin {ACTH} normal value US: 8 - 120 pg/ml
normal value SI: 1.8 - 26 pmol/L
Corticotropin {ACTH} levels normally fluctuate in a diurnal pattern with early morning levels being 40-50% greater than late evening levels. Addison's disease
adrenal hyperplasia {congenital}
Cushing's disease associated with adrenal adenoma
cushinoid syndrome
ectopic ACTH syndrome
hyperaldosteronism
Nelson's syndrome
adrenocortical hypofunction {secondary}
Cushing's disease associated with adrenal adenoma
Cushing's syndrome associated with nodular hyperplasia
hypopituitarism
Albumin
  US value gm/dL
adult 3.5 - 5
newborn 2.9 - 5.5
child 3.8 - 5.4
  SI value g/L
adult 35 - 50
newborn 29 - 55
child 38 - 54
albumin is synthesized in the liver; the half life of albumin is 20 days; the only causes of increased albumin are dehydration and multiple myeloma; decreases in serum albumin are often associated with a poor prognosis; is the major determinant of oncotic pressure in plasma; transport bilirubin, bile acids, drugs. viral infections with tissue necrosis
Multiple myeloma
renal disease
tissue necrosis
dehydration

DRUGS:
progesterone
AIDS
alcoholism
amyloidosis
analbuminemia
cancer
cardiac valvular disease
cirrhosis
congestive heart failure
constrictive pericarditis
Crohn's disease
Cushing's disease

enteric disease
exfoliative dermatitis
hepatic disease
hepatic failure
hepatitis alcoholic
Hodgkin's disease
hypoalbuminemia
hypoproteinemia {familial idiopathic}
Kala-azar
lymphoma
malabsorption
neoplasia
nephrotic syndrome
parasitic disease
pre-eclampsia
rheumatic diseases
serositis
skin loss
subacute bacterial endocarditis
thyroid disease
thyrotoxicosis
ulcerative colitis
vasculitis
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
blood loss

burns {third-degree}
dilution due to IV fluids
fever
fluid replacement
immobilization
bacterial infection
malnutrition
paracentesis
pregnancy
thorocentesis
transudation or exudation from any hollow organ or epithelial surface
trauma {crush injuries}

DRUGS:
antimetabolite drugs
oral contraceptives

~B~

Test Name Normal Values Notes Higher can mean: Lower can mean:
Basophil basophil: 0.3% basophils are a type of granulytic white blood cell tha tmakes up less than 1% of the total number of leukocytes. Despite their small numbers, they are a necessary component of the body's non-specific immune response to inflammation by releasing histamine and other chemicals which then act on blood vessels. allergic reactions
anemia {chronic hemolytic}
basopenia
hypothyroidism
leukemia {basophilic}
leukemia chronic granulocytic
leukemia {chronic myeloid}
myxedema
polycythemia vera
ulcerative colitis

hypersensitivity reactions
leukocytosis {basophilic}
post-splenectomy
urticaria

DRUGS:
radiation
hyperthyroidism

infection
stress

DRUGS:
glucocorticoid {chronic}
Bicarbonate normal value US: 20 - 26 mmol/L
normal value SI: 20 - 26 mmol/L
maintains acid base homeostasis metabolic alkalosis
respiratory acidosis {compensation}

DRUGS:
barbiturates
corticosteroids
diuretics
laxative {overdose}
morphine
diabetic ketoacidosis
renal tubular acidosis

diarrhea
lactic acidosis
metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis {compensation}

DRUGS:
acetazolamide
ammonium chloride
cholestyramine
cyclosporine
ethylene glycol
methanol
paraldehyde
phenformin
salicylates {chronic}
Blood Urea Nitrogen {B.U.N.} normal value US: 8 - 18mg/dL
normal value SI: 3 - 6.5mmol/L
  Addison's disease
cancer {prostate}
catabolic states
congestive heart failure
Cushing's disease
diabetic coma
glomerular diseases
glomerulonephritis
hyperthyroidism
muscle mass {decreased}
muscle necrosis
obstructive uropathy
pancreatitis
porphyria
postrenal azotemia
prerenal azotemia
pyelonephritis
renal artery stenosis
renal disease
renal disease {obstructive}
renal failure
renal vein thrombosis
thyrotoxicosis
tissue necrosis
urinary tract obstruction

blood volume {decreased}
burns {third-degree}
dehydration
diarrhea
gastrointestinal bleeding
hyperalimentation
hyperthermia
hypotension
hypovolemic shock
ketoacidosis
myocardial infarction
postoperatively
protein catabolism {increased}
protein diet {excessive}
shock
starvation
stress
sweating {excessive}
tissue damage
trauma {frontal lobe}
urea load {increased}
vomiting {excessive}

DRUGS:
acetaminophen {overdose}
acetazolamide
allopurinol
aminocaproic acid
aminoglycosides
aminopyrine
amphotericin B
antimony
arsenic
aspirin
benzene
bismuth
boric acid
cadmium
capreomycin
captopril
carbamazepine
carbon tetrachloride
cephalosporins
cisplatin
colistin
copper
corticosteroids
cotrimoxazole
cyclophosphamide
dextran
diuretics {thiazide}
ethylene glycol
foscarnet
furosemide
gentamicin
gold
ifosfamide
indomethacin
iron
lead
lithium
mannitol
mercurials
methotrexate
methoxyflurane
methyldopa
mitomycin
nitrosoureas
NSAID
penicillamine
penicillin
pentamidine
phenacetin
phenindione
plicamycin
polymyxin B
probenecid
propranolol
quinine
radio contrast media
rifampin
salicylates
silver
spironolactone
steroids
streptozocin
sulfonamides
tetrachloroethylene
tetracycline
thallium
thyroid hormones
thyroxine {overdose}
triamterene
uranium
vancomycin
zoxazolamine
acromegaly
eclampsia
hepatic disease
hepatic failure
hepatitis
protein utilization {increased}
renal failure
renal tubular necrosis {acute}
rhabdomyolysis
SIADH

carbohydrate diet {excessive}
convalescence
dialysis
IV feedings
infancy
malnutrition
overhydration
pregnancy
pregnancy 3rd trimester
protein intake {decreased}

DRUGS:
chloramphenicol
cimetidine
growth hormone
insulin
steroids
streptomycin
tetracycline
trimethoprim

~C~

Test Name Normal Values Notes Higher can mean: Lower can mean:
Calcium, total serum

 

  US value gm/dL
adult 8.5 - 10.5
newborn 7 - 12
premature 7 - 10
child 8 - 11
  SI value g/L
adult 2.1 - 2.6
newborn 1.75 -3
premature 1.55 - 2.75
child 2 - 2.75
the most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, drug induced.
acute management is warranted if severe symptoms are exhibited or if serum calcium is greater than 12 mg/dL.
the first step in treatment is ECF volume replacement with 9% sodium chloride.

Hypercalcemia:
vitamins A and D, immobilization, thyrotoxicosis, Addison's disease, milk alkali syndrome inflammatory disorders, neoplastic disease, sarcoidosis, thiazide diuretics, rhabdomyolysis, aids, paget's disease, parenteral nutrition, parathyroid disease
corrected calcium equation:
ca+2 corrected: {alb normal-alb patient}0.8 + ca patient.
ph alters free Ca++ concentration, acidosis increases it and alkalosis decreases it.
dietary sources rich in calcium include the following: dairy products, sardines, dark green leafy vegetables, dried beans, and nuts.
pregnancy and breastfeeding require an additional 400mg of calcium.
symptoms of long-term deficiency include the following: softening of the bones, rickets, and cramp-like spasms in the hands and feet.
tetany may occur if calcium concentration falls below 6-7mg/dL

AIDS
acromegaly
Addison's disease
Addison's disease {acute}

aluminum bone disease
berylliosis
cancer
cancer {bladder}
cancer {breast}
cancer {cervical}
cancer {esophageal}
cancer {gastrointestinal}
cancer {head and neck}
cancer {liver}
cancer {lung}
cancer {pancreatic}
cancer {prostate}
cancer {renal}
chondrosarcoma
coccidioidomycosis
histoplasmosis
hypercalcemia of infancy
hypercalcemia {familial and benign}
hyperparathyroidism {primary}
hyperparathyrodism {secondary}
hyperthyroidism

hypocalciuric hypercalcemia {familial}
inflammatory disorders
leukemia
lymphoma
milk-alkali syndrome
multiple myeloma
neoplastic disease
osteolytic bone metastases
Paget's disease
pheochromocytoma
polycythemia vera
renal failure
rhabdomyolysis
sarcoidosis
thyroid tumor
thyrotoxicosis
tuberculosis
tubular necrosis {acute}
vipomas

dehydration
hypercalcemia
immobilization
parenteral nutrition

DRUGS:
androgens
antacids {calcium}
carlusterone chlorpropamide
danazol
diethylstilbestrol
diuretics {thiazide}
ergocalciferol
ethacrynic acid
fat emulsions
furosemide
isotretinoin
lithium
parathyroid hormone
progesterone
radiation
tamoxifen
testolactone
theophylline
vitamin A {overdose}
vitamin D {overdose}
alcoholism
anterior pituitary hypofunction
cirrhosis
cystinosis
DiGeorge's syndrome
hemosiderosis
hepatic disease
hypoalbuminemia
hypocalcemia {chronic}
hypoparathyroidism
leprosy
metastases
osteomalacia
pancreatitis
pseudohypoparathyroidism
renal failure
renal tubular disease {distal}
renal tubular disease {proximal}
rickets
vitamin D disorder
Wilson's disease

diarrhea {severe}
hyperphosphatemia
hypomagnesemia
malnutrition
neonatal prematurity
parathyroidectomy
transfusions {multiple}
vitamin D deficiency

DRUGS:
albuterol
alprostadil
aminoglycosides
anticonvulsants
asparaginase
barbiturates
bisphosphonates
calcitonin
carbamazepine
carbenoxolone
carboplatin
colchicine
corticosteroids
diuretics
diuretics {loop}
ergocalciferol
estrogen
ethacrynic acid
ethylene glycol
fluoride
furosemide
gastrin
glucagon
glucose
glutethimide
I{131} treatment
indapamide
insulin
isoniazid
laxative {overdose}
magnesium
methicillin
oxalate
phenytoin
phosphate
plicamycin
protein
saline
sulfates
tetracycline
Chloride {serum} normal value US: 98-107mEq/L
normal value SI: 95-105mmol/L
  Cushing's disease
diabetes
diabetes insipidus

eclampsia
hyperparathyrodism {primary}
obstructive uropathy
polycystic kidney disease
pyelonephritis
renal failure {acute}
renal tubular acidosis

dehydration {severe}
diarrhea
hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
hyperventilation
metabolic acidosis
respiratory alkalosis
trauma {head}

DRUGS:
acetazolamide
androgens
cholestyramine
cortisone
diazoxide
diuretics {thiazide}
estrogen
guanethidine
methyldopa
NSAID
oxyphenbutazone
phenylbutazone
salicylates {overdose}
sodium chloride
triamterene
Addison's disease
Bartter's syndrome
cerebral salt wasting after head injury
chloride losing enteropathy {congenital}
congestive heart failure
Cushing's disease
hyperaldosteronism
intermittent porphyria {acute}
pyloric stenosis
salt depletion
salt losing nephropathies
SIADH
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

burns
diarrhea
edema
extracellular fluid volume expansion
hypokalemia associated with alkalosis
hypotonic solutions {overdose}
metabolic alkalosis
nasogastric suction
nutritional deficiency
overhydration
respiratory acidosis
sweating {cystic fibrosis patients}
sweating {excessive}
vomiting {excessive}
water intoxication

DRUGS:
aldosterone
bicarbonate
bumetanide
carbenoxolone
corticotropin
diuretics
diuretics {thiazide}
ethacrynic acid
furosemide
hydrochlorothiazide
laxative {overdose}
mannitol
metolazone
theophylline
triamterene
Cholesterol {LDL} normal value US: <130 mg/dL
normal value SI: 1.3 - 4.9 mmol/L

LDL cholesterol=[{total C} - {HDL-C} - {TG mg/dL/5}]
note: when TG are greater than 400mg/dl, this equation is not valid anorexia nervosa
corneal arcus
coronary heart disease {premature}
Cushing's disease
diabetes

hepatic disease
hypercholesterolemia {familial}
hyperlipoproteinemia secondary to hypothyroidism
hyperlipoproteinemia type III and IV
hyperlipoproteinemia {primary}
hypertriglyceridemia
nephrotic syndrome
obesity
porphyria
renal failure
tendon xanthoma
tuberous xanthoma

cholesterol excessive
exercise {decreased}
pregnancy
saturated fats {excessive}
smoking

DRUGS:
aspirin
beta blockers
catecholamines
chenodiol
corticosteroids
cyclosporine
danazol
diuretics {thiazide}
etretinate
glucocorticoids
isotretinoin
oral contraceptives
phenothiazines
progestins
steroids
sulfonamides
anemia {chronic}
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease {COPD}
hyperlipoproteinemia {type 1}
hyperthyroidism
hypoalphalipoproteinemia {primary}
inflammatory joint disease
lipoprotein lipase cofactor {apo C II} deficiency
malabsorption
Multiple myeloma
Reye's syndrome Tangier disease

burns
diet {excessive polyunsaturated fat}
diet {low saturated fat low cholesterol}
malnutrition
stress

DRUGS:
atorvastatin
cerivastatin
colestipol
cholestyramine
clofibrate
cyproterone
doxazosin
estrogen
fluvastatin
gemfibrozil
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
inteferon
interleukin
ketoconazole
lovastatin
neomycin
niacin
nicotinic acid
pravastatin
prazosin
probucol
simvastatin
terazosin
thyroxine
Cholesterol {total}
  US value gm/dL
desirable less than 200
borderline 200 - 239
high more than 240
  SI value g/L
desirable less than 5.2
borderline 5.2 - 6.2
high more than 6.2
note: the listed normal values are based on the US population
LDL cholesterol- [{0.16xTG} +HDL cholesterol}]

note when TG are greater than 400mg/dl, this equation is not accurate.

A-globulin in systemic lupus erythematous {increased}
abetalipoproteinemia
alcoholism
analbuminemia
anorexia nervosa
cancer {pancreas/prostate}
cholestasis
cirrhosis {biliary}
coronary heart disease
diabetes
glomerulonephritis
glycogen storage disease
gout
hypercalcemia {idiopathic}
hypercholesterolemia {familial}
hypercholesterolemia {primary}
hyperlipidemia
hyperlipoproteinemia types III and IV
hyperlipoproteinemia {primary}
hypothyroidism
intermittent porphyria {acute}
lipoproteinemias
nephrotic syndrome
obesity
renal failure
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Werner's syndrome
hGH deficiency

cholesterol {excessive}
hemolyzed sample
pregnancy
saturated fats {excessive}

DRUGS:
amiodarone
androgens
ascorbic acid
beta blockers
beta hydroxysterols
bile salts
catecholamines
chenodeoxycholic acid
chenodiol
chlorpromazine
corticosteroids
cyclosporine
disulfiram
diuretics
epinephrine
ergocalciferol {overdose}
etretinate
glucocorticoids
isotretinoin
levodopa
miconazole
oral contraceptives
salicylates
thiouracils
abetalipoproteinemia
anemia
anemia {megaloblastic}
anemia {pernicious} anemia {sideroblastic}
Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome
cancer {liver}
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease {COPD}
hepatic disease
hepatocellular disease
hyperthyroidism
hypobetalipoproteinemia {familial} hypolipoproteinemia
intestinal lymphangiectasia
malabsorption
mental retardation
rheumatoid arthritis
Tangier disease
thalassemia
hGH deficiency

burns {third-degree}
cholesterol {excessive}
diet {low cholesterol and high polyunsaturated}
infection
malnutrition
myocardial infarction

DRUGS:
asparaginase
aspirin
atorvastatin
carbutamide
cerivastatin
chlortetracycline
cholestyramine
clofibrate
clomiphene
clonidine
colchicine
colestipol
cyproterone
dextrothyroxine
doxazosin
estrogen
fenfluramine
gemfibrozil
glucagon
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
haloperidol
heparin
hydralazine
interferon
kanamycin
ketoconazole {overdose}
lovastatin
neomycin
niacin
nicotinic acid
phenytoin
pravastatin
prazosin
probucol
thyroxine
Cortisol {total, plasma}
  US value gm/dL
8 AM 5 - 25 
8 PM 2 - 9
  SI value g/L
8 AM 138 - 690
8 PM 55  - 248
Corticotropin {ACTH} levels normally fluctuate in a diurnal pattern with early morning levels being 40-50% greater then late evening levels. Loss of diurnal pattern is often seen in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Cortisol secretion does not change with age. adrenal hyperplasia {congenital}
adrenal neoplasm
cancer {adrenal}
cancer {lung}
Cushing's disease
depression
ectopic ACTH syndrome
hepatic disease
hyperthyroidism
obesity

hypoglycemia
pregnancy
smoking
stress

DRUGS:
alcohol
amphetamines
corticotropin
cortisone
estrogen
hydrocortisone
interferon
mepacrine
methoxamine
metoclopramide
naloxone
oral contraceptives
quinacrine
spironolactone
vasopressin
Addison's disease
adrenal hyperplasia {congenital}
adrenal insufficiency
cirrhosis
hepatitis
histoplasmosis
hypopituitarism
hypothyroidism

tuberculosis

DRUGS:
aminoglutethimide
androgens
beclomethasone
betamethasone valerate
danazol
dexamethasone
etomidate
glucocorticoids
ketoconazole
levodopa
lithium
methylprednisolone
metyrapone
morphine
phenytoin
trilostane
Creatinine {serum}
  US value gm/dL
newborn 0.3 - 1.0
infant 0.2 - 0.4 
child 0.3 - 0.7
adolescent 0.5 - 1.0
adult:  
...male 0.6 - 1.3
...female 0.5 - 1.2
  SI value mcmol/L
newborn 26.5 - 88.4
infant 17.7 - 35.4
child 26.5 - 61.9
adolescent 44.2 - 88.4
adult:  
...male 53 - 114.9
...female 44.2 - 106.1
for each 50% reduction in GRF, serum creatinine approximately doubles
creatinine is not a sensitive indicator of early renal disease.
creatinine is a product of creatine metabolism of muscle; its production is directly dependent on muscle mass.
acromegaly
alcoholism
azotemia
congestive heart failure
diabetic ketoacidosis
giantism

hemolysis
hyperlipidemia
hyperthyroidism
lupus nephritis
nephritis
porphyria
renal blood flow {reduced}
renal failure
renal failure {acute}
Reye's syndrome
rhabdomyolysis
stroke
uremia
urinary tract obstruction

carbon monoxide poisoning
dehydration
diet consisting of meat
hypothermia
ketonemia
shock
trauma

DRUGS:
acetaminophen {overdose}
acetazolamide
aminocaproic acid
aminoglycosides
aminopyrine
amphotericin B
antimony
arsenic
aspirin
barbiturates
benzene
bismuth
boric acid
cadmium
capreomycin
captopril
carbon tetrachloride
cefaclor {falsely elevates lab value}
cefamandole {falsely elevates lab value}
cefazolin {falsely elevated lab value}
cefoxitin {falsely elevates lab value}
cephalexin {falsely elevates lab value}
cephalothin {falsely elevates lab value}
cephradine {falsely elevates lab value}
cimetidine
cisplatin
colistin
copper
cotrimoxazole
cyclophosphamide
cyclosporine
dextran
diuretics
diuretics {thiazide}
ethylene glycol
foscarnet
fructose
furosemide
glucose
gold
guanidine
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
ifosfamide
iron
lead
levodopa
lithium
lomustine
mannitol
mercurials
methotrexate
methoxyflurane
methyldopa
mitomycin
nitrofurantoin
NSAID
penicillamine
penicillin
pentamidine
phenacetin
phenindione
phenylbutazone
phenytoin
plicamycin
polymyxin B
pyruvate
quinine
radio contrast media
rifampin
salicylates
semustine
silver
streptozocin
sulfonamides
tetrachloroethylene
tetracycline
thallium
triamterene
trimethoprim
uranium
vancomycin
vitamin C
zoxazolamine
cachexia
hepatic disease
muscle mass {decreased}

amputees
debilitation
elderly
pregnancy 1st or 2nd trimester
small muscle mass
Creatinine clearance {adults} normal value US: 75 - 125 ml/min   anemia
catabolic states
hypothyroidism
nephritis
porphyria
renal failure
renal tubular necrosis {acute}
burns
cardiac output {high}
exercise
pregnancy
protein diet {excessive}

DRUGS:
amino acids
carbenoxolone
carbon monoxide poisoning
diuretics
furosemide
levodopa
methylprednisolone
Addison's disease
amyloidosis
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease {COPD}
congestive heart failure
cystinosis
eclampsia
glomerulonephritis
hepatic failure
interstitial nephritis
intrinsic renal disease
malaria
multiple myeloma
nephrotic syndrome
pre-eclampsia
pyelonephritis
renal artery obstruction
renal blood flow {reduced}
renal disease
tubular dysfunction {acute}
vitamin D resistant rickets
Wilson's disease

blood loss
dehydration {severe}
shock

DRUGS:
5-flucytosine
acetaminophen
acetazolamide
amikacin
aminocaproic acid
aminoglycosides
aminopyrine
amphotericin B
antimony
arsenic
benzene
bismuth
boric acid
cadmium
capreomycin
captopril
carbon tetrachloride
cephalosporins
cimetidine
cisplatin
colistin
copper
cotrimoxazole
cyclophosphamide
cyclosporine
dextran
diuretics {thiazide}
ethylene glycol
foscarnet
gentamicin
gold
guanidine
ifosfamide
iron
kanamycin
lead
lithium
lomustine
mannitol
mercurials
methotrexate
methoxyflurane
methyldopa
mitomycin
neomycin
nephrotoxic drugs
NSAID
penicillamine
penicillin
pentamidine
phenacetin
phenindione
phenytoin
plicamycin
quinine
radio contrast media
rifampin
salicylates
semustine
silver
streptomycin
streptozocin
sulfonamides
tetrachloroethylene
tetracycline
thallium
tobramycin
triamterene
trimethoprim
uranium
vancomycin
zoxazolamine
Creatine kinase isoenzyme, MB normal value US: 0 - 121 U/L
normal value SI: 0 - 0.2 mckat/L
most laboratories have a normal MB range of zero, as most patients usually only have MM. The most common cause of increased MB is acute myocardial infarction. angina pectoris {unstable}
arrhythmias {protracted}
cardiomyopathy
circulatory failure
diabetic ketoacidosis
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
hypothyroidism
malignant hyperthermia
muscular dystrophy
myocarditis
pericarditis
polymyositis
pulmonary embolism
renal failure
Reye's syndrome
rhabdomyolysis
stroke
uremia

cardiac surgery
exercise {excessive} hyperthermia
hypothermia
infection {heart}
infection {skeletal muscle}
myocardial infarction
poisoning
shock
trauma {cardiac}

DRUGS:
carbon monoxide poisoning
cocaine
 
Creatine phosphokinase {CPK} normal value Us: 24 - 195 U/L
normal value SI: 24 - 195 U/L
the normal value for a newborn can be up to 10 times that of the adult value. At four days, this value drops to approximately 3 times that of the adult value. CPK is found in the following: brain tissue, heart muscle and skeletal muscle. CPK becomes elevated 3 to 4 hours following a myocardial infarction and peaks between 15 - 30 hours. CPK is also known as creatine kinase. alcoholism
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
arrhythmias
cancer
cancer {bladder}
cancer {gastrointestinal}
cancer {prostate}
congestive heart failure
delirium tremens
dermatomyositis
diabetic ketoacidosis
hemolysis
hypothyroidism
malignant hyperthermia
muscular dystrophies {progressive}
myocarditis
polymyositis
pulmonary edema
pulmonary embolism
Reye's syndrome
rhabdomyolysis
Rocky mountain spotted fever
seizures {tonic-clonic}
stroke
tetanus
uremia

cardioversion
childbirth
coughing {severe}
exercise {excessive}
external cardioversion
halofenate
hyperthermia
hypothermia
infection
intramuscular injections
myocardial infarction
poisoning
psychotic reactions {acute}
seizure
selenium deficiency
shock {severe}
surgery
tachycardia
trauma
trauma {head}

DRUGS:
alcohol
aminocaproic acid
amphotericin B
barbiturates {overdose}
bucindolol
captopril
carbenoxolone
carbon monoxide poisoning
carbromol
clofibrate
clonidine
cocaine
codeine
colchicine
cyclopropane
dexamethasone
diethylether
digoxin
ethchlorvynol
furosemide gemfibrozil
glutethimide
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
haloperidol
halothane
heroin
imipramine
isotretinoin
labetalol
lidocaine
lithium
meperidine
morphine
mycotoxic drugs
penicillamine
perphenazine
phencyclidine
phenobarbital
pindolol
prochlorperazine
propranolol
quinidine
succinylcholine
tricyclic antidepressants
hyperthyroidism
myocarditis

immobilization {excessive}
small muscle mass

DRUGS:
cocaine

~E~

Test Name Normal Values Notes Higher can mean: Lower can mean:
Eosinophil eosinophil: 1% - 5% eosinophyls are a type of granulocytic white blood cell, known to destroy parasitic organisms in the body and aid in allergic reactions. Eosinophils are recognized by their polymorphic nucleus cytoplasmic granules which stain with eosin or other acid strains. Eosinophils demonstrate diurnal variation {lowest in the morning and highest in the evening}. Eosinophilia in bronchial asthma argues against concomitant infection. allergic diseases
anemia {pernicious}
angioneurotic edema
anisakiasis
aspergillosis {allergic bronchopulmonary}
asthma
atheroembolic renal disease
atopic dermatitis
cancer
chorea
coccidioidomycosis
collagen vascular disease
eczema
exfoliative dermatitis
hay fever
Hodgkin's disease
hypereosinophilic syndrome
inflammatory bowel disease
leukemia {chronic myeloid}
Loeffler's syndrome
Cushing's disease
hyperadrenalism


DRUGS:
corticotropin
epinephrine
glucocorticoids

methysergide
niacin
procainamide

~F~

Test Name Normal Values Notes Higher can mean: Lower can mean:
Folic acid normal value US: 5 - 25 ng/ml
normal value SI: 11 - 57 nmol/L
folate deficiency is most common in alcoholic liver disease, pregnancy, and the elderly. Folic acid should not be exposed to light, as it will disintegrate. Folic acid assists in enzymatic processes. Folic acid is needed for the formation of nucleic acids, red blood cells, and the overall growth and development of the central nervous system.
Dietary sources include the following: green leafy vegetables, mushrooms, liver, oranges, nuts, dried beans, egg yolks.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding require an additional 400mcg and 100mcg respectively. Symptoms of long-term deficiency: anemia, fatigue, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, mouth sores, soreness of the tongue, and poor growth in infants and children. Folic is non toxic even with excessive intake. Treatment of anemia generally requires 1000mcg {1mg} of folic acid in conjunction with vitamin B12.
anemia {pernicious}
blind loop syndrome
celiac disease

diet {vegetarian}
dietary intake {excessive}
vitamin B12 deficiency
achlorhydria
alcoholism
amyloidosis
anemia {hemolytic}
anemia {megaloblastic}
cancer
celiac disease
Crohn's disease
diabetic enteropathy
exfoliative dermatitis
gluten-sensitive enteropathy
hemodialysis {chronic}
hepatic disease
hyperthyroidism
intestinal diversions
jejunal/ileal bypass
lymphoma
malabsorption
myelofibrosis
scurvy
tropical sprue
ulcerative colitis
Whipple's disease

amino acid dietary excess
dialysis
dialysis {peritoneal}
folic acid deficiency
intestinal resection
malnutrition
nutritional deficiency
pregnancy
vitamin B12 deficiency
vitamin B6 deficiency

DRUGS:
alcohol
ampicillin
antacids
aspirin
bicarbonate
carbamazepine
chloramphenicol
cholestyramine
colchicine
cycloserine
erythromycin
estrogen
ethinylestradiol acetate
folic acid antagonists
glutethimide
H2-antagonists {chronic}
isoniazid
mefenamic acid
metformin
methotrexate
neomycin
nitrofurantoin
oral contraceptives
penicillin
pentamidine
phenacetin
phenformin
phenobarbital
phenytoin
primidone
pyrimethamine
sulfasalazine
tetracycline
triamterene
trimethoprim

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